The Apple Tree Root System

Variation in the number of secondary roots per plant

The growth of the roots and shoots of apple trees varies between species. The number of secondary roots is an important trait to monitor. In this study, researchers compared the number of secondary roots produced by two different varieties and noted that they differed in their elongation patterns. The number of primary roots and shoots was also measured on a weekly basis.

The study used software developed by C. Jourdan and B. Mailhe, which was able to detect new root growth. Each new root was labeled and recorded along with its type and initial two-dimensional co-ordinates. The top spatial co-ordinates and observation date were also recorded. Data was analysed using Excel software.

Influence of grafting type on fungal community in apple tree roots

In a recent study, scientists analyzed the effects of two types of grafting on the fungal community of apple tree roots. In this study, they observed that when both types were used, the growth of aerial parts, such as leaves, was improved. In contrast, when neither type of grafting was used, the growth of aerial parts was poorer. This study also demonstrates that the combined application of two types of fungi can improve growth in soil.

Different grafting types resulted in differences in the fungal and bacterial communities found in apple tree roots. Dwarfing rootstocks, in particular, contained a more diverse bacterial community, which may contribute to the resistance of apple trees to apple Valsa canker.

Effect of grafting type on resistance to apple Valsa canker

Apple Valsa canker (VVC) is a serious disease affecting apple trees. It is caused by a filamentous fungus, Cytospora ceratosperma, which attacks the tree's trunk. It disperses its spores by wind, rain, and wounds. The disease can kill the tree if left untreated. The only known method of control is to remove the diseased area.

Plants produce phenolic compounds, including arbutin and gallic acid. These compounds have anti-fungal properties, and are associated with resistance to V. pyri. The phenolic compounds also play a role in plant defense.